Packet
A Packet is the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network. TCP packets, passed over TCP/IP networks …
Ping of Death (PoD)
A Ping of Death (PoD) is a type of Denial of Service (DoS) attack that deliberately sends IP packets larger than the 65,536 bytes allowed by the IP protocol. One of …
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a list of computer security flaws ranked on critical measures to aid individuals and companies with assessing the risk posed by the vulnerability or exposure …
Real User Monitoring (RUM)
Real User Monitoring (RUM) is a form of performance monitoring that captures and analyzes user activity and transacations on a website or application. It’s also known as real user measurement, …
Container
Before we get into what a container is, we need you to understand the difference between today’s term ‘Container’ and the previous term CyberHoot published ‘Hypervisor‘. Knowing the difference between …
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is an attack vector where hackers inject malicious code into a vulnerable web application. XSS differs from other web attack vectors in that it does not directly …
Hypervisor
A Hypervisor, also known as a Virtual Machine Monitor or VMM, is software that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs). A hypervisor allows a computer to maintain many guest VMs …
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), also known as XSRF, is an attack method that fools a web browser into performing unwanted actions in a user application. Similar to Phishing Attacks, CSRFs …
PCI-DSS
PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry-Data Security Standard) is a set of requirements intended to ensure that all companies that process, store, or transmit credit card information manage it safely and in …
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is the organization that defines standard Internet operating protocols such as TCP/IP. The IETF is a community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with …
Domain Name System (DNS)
A Domain Name System (DNS) is essentially the ‘phonebook’ of the Internet. DNS is an elaborate, fault-tolerant way of connecting people to resources online. While it is quite complex, this …
Sender Policy Framework (SPF)
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an anti-spam tool where email domains of the senders can be authenticated. SPF works hand-in-hand with DKIM and DMARC to help authenticate email messages to …
DKIM
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) is an email authentication tool that verifies messages are sent from a legitimate user’s email address. It’s designed to prevent email forgery and spoofing; essentially phishing. …
DMARC
DMARC which stands for Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance is an email security protocol. When enabled, your email domain is protected from spoofing by hackers. DMARC sets up an …
Non-Public Personal Information (NPPI)
Non-Public Personal Information (NPPI) is personal and private information that’s provided by a consumer to some entity for their use. This information includes the following examples: Name, address, income, social …
Anti-Censorship
Anti-Censorship are methods to combat censorship – for example, preventing search results from being blocked or interfered with. The growth of online platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.) raises important questions …
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A Graphical User Interface (GUI), often pronounced ‘gooey’, is a user interface that includes graphical elements, such as windows, icons, and buttons. The term was created in the 1970s to distinguish graphical interfaces from text-based …
Solid State Drive (SSD)
A Solid State Drive (SSD) is a type of storage device that supports reading and writing data and stores the data in a permanent state even without a power source …
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is any device or machine that has the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT is essentially any …
Zoom Bombing
Zoom Bombing is where an unauthorized person enters your Zoom video conference to cause disruptions or to gain sensitive information. Many companies and schools have begun using video conferencing extensively …
Gateway
A Gateway is a hardware device that sits between two networks, acting as a “gate”. An example of a gateway is a router, firewall, server, or anything that allows traffic …
Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public key encryption method that is based on elliptic curve theory that is used to create faster, smaller, and more efficient cryptographic keys. Historically, …
White Box Testing
White Box Testing is a form of penetration testing which tests internal structures of an application, as opposed to the applications functionality (also known as Black Box Testing). Programming skills …
Fragment Overlap Attack
A Fragment Overlap Attack, also known as an IP Fragmentation Attack, is an attack that is based on how the Internet Protocol (IP) requires data to be transmitted and processed. …
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
An Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud based service that helps companies build and manage their data as they grow, paying for the storage and server space that …
Steganography
Steganography (pronounced: steh·guh·naa·gruh·fee) is the technique of hiding data secretly within an ordinary, non-secret, file or message in order to avoid detection. The use of steganography can be combined with …
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud-based service where instead of downloading software to your desktop PC or business network to run and update, you instead access an application …
Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is the hardware or software through which an operator interacts with a controller. An HMI can range from a physical control panel with buttons and indicator lights …
Test Oracle
A Test Oracle is a mechanism for determining whether the program has passed or failed a test. The use of test oracles involves comparing the output of the system under …
Black Box Testing
Black Box Testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal software structures (which is known as White Box Testing). …
Near Field Communications (NFC)
Near Field Communications (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology that enables simple and secure communication between electronic devices. It may be used on its own or in combination with other …
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a system used to track objects, people, or animals using tags that respond to radio waves. RFID tags are integrated circuits that include a small …
Dynamic Code Analysis
Dynamic Code Analysis is a method used to analyze an application during its execution. This Dynamic Code Analysis process is often broken up into these steps: Preparing input data; Running …
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is essentially a telephone connection over the Internet. The data is sent digitally, using the Internet Protocol (IP) instead of analog telephone lines. This allows people …
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a geographically distributed group of servers that work together to provide fast delivery of Internet content. A CDN allows for the fast transfer of …
Application Fuzzing
Application Fuzzing, originally developed by Barton Miller at the University of Wisconsin in 1989, is a testing method used to discover coding errors and security loopholes in software, operating systems …
Application Proxy
An Application Proxy is one of the most secure firewall types that can be deployed. The application proxy sits between the protected network and the rest of the world. Every packet …
Application Security Assessment
An Application Security Assessment is performed either manually or automatically, generally continuing throughout the software development life cycle. It will typically include focusing on using secure protocols, performing defined security …
Dwell Time
Dwell Time is the amount of time threat actors go undetected in an environment. In other words, when a hacker intrudes into your network or systems, the dwell time is …
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a set of protocols that provides security for Internet Protocol using advanced cryptography. IPSec is similar to a Secure Socket Layer (SSL), except that SSLs …
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a security protocol developed by Netscape in the 1990’s for sending information securely (encrypted) over the Internet. Once upon a time, websites could only …
Reverse Proxy
A Reverse Proxy is a server that sits in front of one or more web servers, intercepting requests from clients. This is different from a forward proxy, where the proxy …
Web Application Firewall (WAF)
A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is used to protect web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic between a web application and the Internet. It typically protects web applications from attacks …
Static Code Analysis
Static Code Analysis is the analysis of software code when the program is not running. The analysis of the running or compiled, executing code is called Dynamic Code Analysis. The …
Hacking with Google Dorks
A Google Dork query, sometimes just referred to as a dork, is a search string that uses advanced search operators to find information that is not readily available on a website. Google dorking, …
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
A Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PTTP) is a networking standard that is used when connecting to a Virtual Private Network (VPN). VPNs are a way to create online privacy and anonymity …
Drive-By Download
A Drive-By Download is the unintentional download of malicious code to your computer or mobile device that may compromise your computer leaving you open to further attack by hackers. Many …
Sandboxing
Sandboxing is a cybersecurity term relating to various techniques used to protect your network and computing infrastructure from compromise by malicious software (aka: Malware). In one method, sandboxing provides a …
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
A Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an old standard that allowed early mobile phones to access the Internet through something called a WAP Gateway. The WAP Gateway identified the device …
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
A Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a deprecated wireless security protocol that was designed to provide a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a high level of security and privacy …
