Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing capabilities or resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be …

Computer Network Defense

Computer Network Defense is the actions taken to defend against unauthorized activity within computer networks. Some examples of network defenses are firewalls, demilitarized zones (DMZs), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and …

Built-In Security

Built–In Security is a set of principles, practices, and tools to design, develop, and evolve information systems and software that enhance resistance to vulnerabilities, flaws, and attacks. A simple example …

Authorization

Related Terms: Access Control, Access Control Mechanism, Authentication Source: OASIS SAML Glossary 2.0; Adapted from CNSSI 4009 What Does This Mean for my SMB?  It’s vital to ensure that your …

Authentication

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity or other attributes of an entity (user, process, or device). Entering in log in credentials to gain access to a website is …

Moth in the Mark II

Bug

A Bug is an unexpected and relatively small defect, fault, flaw, or imperfection in an information system or device. These small defects or faults are generally due to human error when …

Access Control Mechanism

Access Control Mechanism

An access control mechanism is a security safeguard (i.e., hardware and software features, physical controls, operating procedures, management procedures, and various combinations of these) designed to detect and deny unauthorized …

blacklist cybrary

Block List, Deny List

A Block List or Deny List, (deprecated: Blacklist), is a list of entities that are blocked or denied privileges or access. Hosts or applications that have been previously determined to …

Active Content

Active Content

Active content is software that is able to automatically carry out or trigger actions without the explicit intervention of a user. When you are visiting a webpage on the Internet, …

Attack

An Attack is an attempt to gain unauthorized access to system services, resources, or information, or an attempt to compromise system integrity. In other words, the intentional act of attempting …

Attacker

An Attacker is an individual, group, organization, or government that executes an attack.  Not to be confused with a vulnerability.  An attack in the physical world might be someone who …

Data Loss

Data Loss is the result of unintentionally or accidentally deleting data, forgetting where it is stored, or exposure to an unauthorized party. Data loss is typically better than a data …

Decrypt

Decrypt is a generic term encompassing decode and decipher. Decrypting is the process of taking encrypted text or data and converting it back into text or data you can understand …

decryption cybrary

Decryption

Decryption is the process of transforming ciphertext into its original plaintext. This is done through a decryption process. Decryption transforms ciphertext into plaintext for an authorized user, in possession of …

Digital Forensics

Digital Forensics is the processes and specialized techniques for gathering, retaining, and analyzing system-related data (digital evidence) for investigative purposes. In the NICE Workforce Framework, cybersecurity work where a person: …

cyber criminals

Cyber Criminals

Cyber Criminals are individuals or teams of people who use technology to commit malicious activities on digital devices or networks with the intention of stealing sensitive company information, personal data, …

Education and Training

In the NICE Workforce Framework, Education and Training in cybersecurity work is where a person conducts training of personnel within pertinent subject domains. Additionally, this individual develops, plans, coordinates, delivers, …

Encode

Encode is to convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a code. This is done to prevent important information from getting into the wrong hands. Encoding scrambles letters and numbers …

Encrypt

Encrypt is the generic term encompassing encipher and encode, which means to convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a code. This is done to protect important information from being …

Encipher

Encipher is to convert plaintext to ciphertext by means of a cryptographic system. This process is done to keep important information safe and only deciphered with the proper key. What …

Bot, Botnet, Bot Herder, and Bot Master

Bot(s) A Bot is a computer connected to the Internet that has been surreptitiously / secretly compromised with malicious logic to perform activities under remote the command and control of …

Denial of Service (DoS)

Denial of Service (DoS) is an attack that prevents or impairs the authorized use of information system resources or services. A DoS is simply when hackers try to prevent legitimate …

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a type of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. A DDoS attack involves multiple connected online devices, collectively known as a botnet, which are used …

Data Breach

A Data Breach is the unauthorized movement or disclosure of sensitive information to a party, usually outside the organization, that is not authorized to have or see the information. What …

Sucking Data out of a Company

Data Exfiltration

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of information from an information system. The types of data commonly exfiltrated are Social Security Numbers, credit card information, passwords and email addresses. What Does …

Data Loss Prevention

Data Loss Prevention is a set of procedures and mechanisms to stop sensitive data from leaving a security boundary. This helps you hold onto your important data and information so …

Sources of Exploits in Software

Exploit

An exploit is a technique to breach the security of a network or information system in violation of security policy.This strategy takes advantage of the application or systems flaw so …

Exploit Analysis

Exploitation Analysis

Exploitation Analysis is cybersecurity work where a person: analyzes collected information to identify vulnerabilities and potential for exploitation. This is done to attempt to “fill in the gaps” in the …

CyberHoot: WiFi Insecurities and How to Reduce WiFi Risks

Exposure

Exposure is the condition of being unprotected, thereby allowing access to information or access to capabilities that an attacker can use to enter a system or network. For example, an …

Firewall

A firewall is a capability to limit network traffic between networks and/or information systems. This is a hardware/software device or a software program that limits network traffic according to a …

Failure

A failure is the inability of a system or component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements. For example, a computer shutting down unexpectedly would be considered a …

Hacker

A hacker is an unauthorized user who attempts to or gains access to an information system. This is someone who uses various methods to breach defenses and exploit weaknesses in …

hash value cybrary

Hash Value

A Hash Value is a numeric value resulting from a mathematical algorithm applied to a set of data such as a file. A common hash value is called the MD5 …

Hazard

A hazard is a natural or man-made source or cause of harm or difficulty. A hazard can be a threat to your business if realized such as water damage, a …

hashing cybrary

Hashing

Hashing is the process of translating an input as a key into a uniform length output code. The input key may be fixed length, such as an integer, or variable …

Supply Chain Threats

Supply Chain Threat

An Supply Chain Threat is a man-made threat achieved through exploitation of the information and communications technology (ICT) system’s supply chain, including acquisition processes. What Does This Mean For An …

What is Business Email Compromise?

Identity and Access Management

Identity and Access Management (IAM) are the methods and processes used to manage subjects and their authentication and authorizations to access specific objects. What Does This Mean For An SMB? …

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the activity or process, ability or capability, or state whereby information and communications systems and the information contained therein are protected from and/or defended against damage, unauthorized use …

Incident

An incident is an occurrence that actually or potentially results in adverse consequences to (adverse effects on) (poses a threat to) an information system or the information that the system …

Event

An event in cybersecurity is an observable occurrence in an information system or network. This sometimes provides an indication that an incident is occurring or at least raise the suspicion …

Incident Management

Incident Management

Incident Management is the management and coordination of activities associated with an actual or potential occurrence of an event that may result in adverse consequences to information or information systems. …

Incident Response Plan

An Incident Response Plan is a set of predetermined and documented procedures to detect and respond to a cyber incident. This is the actual procedure carried out if there is …

Information Assurance

Information Assurance are the measures that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, and confidentiality. What Should My SMB Do? If you own a business, …

Information Assurance Compliance

Information Assurance Compliance in cybersecurity work is where a person: Oversees, evaluates, and supports the documentation, validation, and accreditation processes necessary to assure that new IT systems meet the organization’s …

Information Sharing

Information Sharing is an exchange of data, information, and/or knowledge to manage risks or respond to incidents. This is commonly done when there has been a breach in technology that …

Information System Resilience

Information System Resilience is the ability of an information system to: (1) continue to operate under adverse conditions or stress, even if in a degraded or debilitated state, while maintaining …

Security Automation and Operations

Information Systems Security Operations

Information Systems Security Operations in cybersecurity work is where a person: Oversees the information assurance program of an information system in or outside the network environment; may include procurement duties (e.g., …

What is Interoperability

Interoperability

Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. What Does This Mean For An SMB? …

Key

A key is the numerical value used to control cryptographic operations, such as decryption, encryption, signature generation, or signature verification. Without a proper key, one would not be able to …

cyber intrusion

Intrusion

Secure your business with CyberHoot Today!!! Sign Up Now A cyber Intrusion is any unwanted, unauthorized, and forced entry into a network or device. Network intrusions involve breaching the security controls …